One of the most vibrant aspects of the Peking Opera are the costumes and makeup worn by the performers. Even if this was the case, male performers continued to play many Dan roles. Only from the 1870s on, women were included in stage appearances as well. Initially, only male performers were allowed to participate in a Peking Opera play. These songs include over 1400 works and are based on Chinese history, folklore and lately, on contemporary life. Each movement must be expressed with music, which is divided in the Xipi and Erhuang styles, which include different types of music from arias and fixed-tune melodies to percussion patterns. Performers in Peking Opera shows work with a variety of stylistic conventions that guide and help audiences navigate the plot of the production. For example, the Jing can have one of the 15 basic facial patterns, but over 1000 specific variations of these, each design being unique to a specific character. Each of these categories has multiple variations and sub-categories. Peking Opera features four main types of characters: a Sheng (a main male role), a Dan (a main female role), a Jing (a male with a painted face role) and a Chou (a male clown role, which usually plays a secondary field). Peking Opera shows were extremely popular in the Qing dynasty court and have eventually become one of the cultural treasures of China. It’s believed that Peking Opera appeared in 1790, when four opera troupes came from province of Anhui to Beijing to perform for the Emperor on his 80 th birthday. The genre arose in the late 18 th century and became developed and recognized in the mid-19 th century. This style of representation combines vocal performance, music, dance and acrobatics and features highly complex elements of costume and makeup. Peking Opera or Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theater.
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